Worked example · Welsh · Year 10
LNF: Numeracy → Learning that statistics represent data and that probability models chance helps us make informed inferences and decisions → Interpreting data
A secure Year 10 response for GCSE Core Cymraeg, Unit 2 (stimulus sheets with a graph, chart and statistics) and Unit 3 (3.1.2 Reading non-continuous texts), annotated so you can see which success criterion each part meets. It is also the answer key. Key figures: scale 500 per line; visitors 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000; changes −20%, +50%, +33.3%, +100%; pie chart 2,000, 1,000, 600, 400; 1,600 Welsh speakers; 30 stalls. The false claim is that the festival “has grown every year”: it fell in 2024. English translations are given in italics.
| Cymraeg | English | Cymraeg | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| wedi dyblu | has doubled | tua hanner | about half |
| wedi codi | has risen | traean | a third |
| wedi gostwng | has fallen | chwarter | a quarter |
| cynnydd | an increase | tri chwarter | three quarters |
| gostyngiad | a decrease | dwy ran o bump | two fifths |
50% = hanner 25% = chwarter 75% = tri chwarter 40% = dwy ran o bump tua 33% = tua thraean
All correct, including the mutations tri chwarter and tua thraean. 40% is the hardest: 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4. These words let pupils describe data in Welsh without saying every percentage. Evidences criterion 5.
(a) 500. Mae 1,000 rhwng pob rhif, ac mae’r llinell denau hanner ffordd. 500. There are 1,000 between the numbered lines, and the dashed line is halfway.
(b) 2021: 1,500 · 2022: 2,000 · 2023: 2,500 · 2024: 2,000 · 2025: 3,000 · 2026: 4,000
(c)
| Rhwng | Newid | Gwaith | Newid canrannol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 a 2024 | −500 | 500 ÷ 2,500 × 100 | −20% (gostyngiad) |
| 2024 a 2025 | +1,000 | 1,000 ÷ 2,000 × 100 | +50% (hanner) |
| 2025 a 2026 | +1,000 | 1,000 ÷ 3,000 × 100 | +33.3% (tua thraean) |
| 2022 a 2026 | +2,000 | 2,000 ÷ 2,000 × 100 | +100% (wedi dyblu) |
(d) Achos roedd y ffigur cyntaf yn fwy. Mae 1,000 yn hanner o 2,000, ond dim ond traean o 3,000. Because the starting figure was bigger. 1,000 is half of 2,000, but only a third of 3,000.
The pupil works out the scale before reading any value, so the half-way points (1,500 and 2,500) are read correctly rather than guessed. Every percentage divides by the first year’s figure, which is the most common mistake to look for: dividing 1,000 by 4,000 gives 25%, which is wrong. Part (d) explains why equal rises give different percentages. Evidences criteria 1 and 2.
| O ble? | % | Ffracsiwn | Nifer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ardaloedd eraill yng Nghymru | 50% | hanner | 4,000 ÷ 2 = 2,000 |
| Llanfeirion a’r cylch | 25% | chwarter | 4,000 ÷ 4 = 1,000 |
| Lloegr | 15% | tri o bob ugain | 4,000 × 0.15 = 600 |
| Gwledydd eraill | 10% | un o bob deg | 4,000 ÷ 10 = 400 |
Gwiriad: 2,000 + 1,000 + 600 + 400 = 4,000. Check: the numbers add up to 4,000.
(b) Dwy ran o bump = 40% = 4,000 ÷ 5 × 2 = 1,600 o bobl.
(c) Tri chwarter = 75% = 40 ÷ 4 × 3 = 30 stondin.
The pupil moves in both directions: from a percentage to a fraction and a number, and from a fraction to a percentage. The check that the four groups add up to 4,000 catches reading errors. Note that (c) is out of 40 stalls, not 4,000 people. Evidences criterion 3.
| Honiad | ✓ / ✗ | Tystiolaeth |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Daeth 4,000 o bobl i’r ŵyl eleni. | ✓ | Graph: 2026 = 4,000. |
| 2. Mae nifer yr ymwelwyr wedi dyblu ers 2022. | ✓ | 2,000 to 4,000 = +100%. |
| 3. Mae’r ŵyl wedi tyfu bob blwyddyn ers 2021. | ✗ | 2024 fell from 2,500 to 2,000 (−20%). |
| 4. Daeth hanner yr ymwelwyr o ardaloedd eraill yng Nghymru. | ✓ | Pie chart: 50% = 2,000. |
| 5. Roedd dwy ran o bump yn siarad Cymraeg. | ✓ | Organisers’ facts: 40% = 1,600. |
(b) Mae’r ŵyl wedi tyfu bron bob blwyddyn, ond gostyngodd nifer yr ymwelwyr yn 2024, o 2,500 i 2,000. The festival has grown almost every year, but the number of visitors fell in 2024, from 2,500 to 2,000.
(c) Children under 5 are not counted, nor anyone who listened from outside the field without a ticket. The organisers collected the figures themselves and want the festival to look successful, and nobody else has checked them. Claim 5 is only the organisers’ word: we do not know how they found out who spoke Welsh.
Four claims are true and one is not, and the pupil backs every judgement with a figure. The corrected sentence keeps what is true (growth overall) and adds the exception. Part (c) questions where the data came from and who it leaves out: that is interpreting data, not just reading it. Evidences criterion 4.
Mae’r graff llinell yn dangos nifer yr ymwelwyr â Gŵyl Werin Llanfeirion rhwng 2021 a 2026. Mae’r nifer wedi dyblu ers 2022, o 2,000 i 4,000. Rhwng 2025 a 2026, roedd cynnydd o 1,000, sef tua thraean (33.3%). Ond mae’r erthygl yn anghywir: dydy’r ŵyl ddim wedi tyfu bob blwyddyn. Yn 2024, gostyngodd y nifer o 2,500 i 2,000, sef gostyngiad o 20%. Daeth hanner yr ymwelwyr o ardaloedd eraill yng Nghymru, a chwarter o Lanfeirion. Yn fy marn i, mae’r ŵyl yn dda i’r dref oherwydd mae ymwelwyr yn gwario arian yn y siopau. Byddwn i’n hoffi mynd y flwyddyn nesaf.
The line graph shows the number of visitors to Llanfeirion Folk Festival between 2021 and 2026. The number has doubled since 2022, from 2,000 to 4,000. Between 2025 and 2026, there was an increase of 1,000, which is about a third (33.3%). But the article is wrong: the festival has not grown every year. In 2024, the number fell from 2,500 to 2,000, a decrease of 20%. Half of the visitors came from other areas of Wales, and a quarter from Llanfeirion. In my opinion, the festival is good for the town because visitors spend money in the shops. I would like to go next year.
102 words. Uses figures from the graph (2,000, 4,000, 2,500), two percentage changes, three trend words (wedi dyblu, cynnydd, gostyngodd), three fraction words (tua thraean, hanner, chwarter), the past tense (roedd, gostyngodd, Daeth), corrects the false claim, gives an opinion with oherwydd, and uses Byddwn i. Mutations to check: tua thraean, a chwarter, o Lanfeirion, i’r dref. Evidences criteria 4 and 5.
A: Mae’r graff yn dangos bod yr ŵyl wedi dyblu ers 2022. Ond beth ddigwyddodd yn 2024, yn dy farn di?
B: Gostyngodd y nifer o 2,500 i 2,000. Efallai bod y tywydd yn wael! Daeth hanner yr ymwelwyr o ardaloedd eraill yng Nghymru. Est ti i ŵyl yr haf yma?
A: Do, es i i ŵyl gerddoriaeth gyda fy ffrindiau. Roedd hi’n wych, achos roedd y bandiau yn canu yn Gymraeg.
A: The graph shows the festival has doubled since 2022. But what happened in 2024, in your opinion? B: The number fell from 2,500 to 2,000. Maybe the weather was bad! Half the visitors came from other areas of Wales. Did you go to a festival this summer? A: Yes, I went to a music festival with my friends. It was great, because the bands sang in Welsh.
Between them the speakers use figures, a fraction word, a change, an opinion with a reason and a question, so every box on the checklist is ticked. B offers a possible reason for the fall but says efallai (maybe), because the data does not tell us why. Evidences criteria 2 and 5.