GCSEs and the LNF
The new Made-for-Wales GCSEs from WJEC ask pupils to read, write, speak and work with numbers. This page shows which parts of the Literacy and Numeracy Framework (LNF) each GCSE uses, and what pupils can practise in Years 7, 8 and 9 to be ready.
Start with a GCSE, or start with a part of the LNF further down the page.
Choose a GCSE
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Art and Design
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 7, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Business
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 4, numeracy skills: 6
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
Computer Science
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 6
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
Core Cymraeg
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 9, numeracy skills: 1
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Cymraeg Language and Literature
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 10, numeracy skills: 0
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Dance
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Design and Technology
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 5
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: Medium
-
Digital Media and Film
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 9, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Digital Technology
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 7, numeracy skills: 5
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
Drama
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 8, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
English Language and Literature
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 9, numeracy skills: 1
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Food and Nutrition
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 5
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Medium
-
French
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 8, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Geography
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 4, numeracy skills: 6
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
German
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 8, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Health and Social Care, and Childcare
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 6, numeracy skills: 3
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
History
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 6, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Integrated Science
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 7
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
Mathematics and Numeracy
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 3, numeracy skills: 10
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
Music
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 6, numeracy skills: 3
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: Medium
-
Physical Education and Health
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 5
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
-
Religious Studies
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 7, numeracy skills: 1
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
-
Social Studies
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 5
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Medium
-
Spanish
First taught September 2025
Literacy skills: 8, numeracy skills: 2
Amount of literacy work: High
Amount of numeracy work: Low
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The Sciences
First taught September 2026
Literacy skills: 5, numeracy skills: 7
Amount of literacy work: Medium
Amount of numeracy work: High
Or choose a part of the LNF
The LNF has a literacy framework and a numeracy framework. Each is split into strands, and each strand into elements. Open an element to see the GCSEs that use it.
Literacy
Translanguaging
Translanguaging Used in 5 GCSEs
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- Spanish (1 skill)
Listening
Listening for meaning Used in 6 GCSEs
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Spanish (1 skill)
Developing vocabulary Used in 6 GCSEs
Listening to understand Used in 8 GCSEs
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Spanish (1 skill)
Listening as part of collaborative talk Used in 8 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Drama (1 skill)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Reading
Phonological and phonemic awareness Used in 0 GCSEs
No GCSE asks for this element directly.
Reading strategies Used in 21 GCSEs
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (2 skills)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (2 skills)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- Drama (2 skills)
- English Language and Literature (3 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- French (3 skills)
- Geography (1 skill)
- German (3 skills)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- History (2 skills)
- Integrated Science (3 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (3 skills)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Understanding, response and analysis Used in 24 GCSEs
- Art and Design (2 skills)
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (3 skills)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (5 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (5 skills)
- Digital Technology (3 skills)
- Drama (3 skills)
- English Language and Literature (4 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (2 skills)
- French (3 skills)
- Geography (1 skill)
- German (3 skills)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (2 skills)
- History (3 skills)
- Integrated Science (2 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (3 skills)
- Social Studies (2 skills)
- Spanish (3 skills)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Speaking
Clarity and vocabulary Used in 16 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Drama (3 skills)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- French (2 skills)
- German (2 skills)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (2 skills)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (2 skills)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Purpose Used in 13 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Drama (1 skill)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- French (2 skills)
- German (2 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (2 skills)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (2 skills)
Collaborative talk Used in 13 GCSEs
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Drama (2 skills)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Questioning Used in 14 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- French (2 skills)
- German (2 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (2 skills)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Writing
Vocabulary, spelling, grammar Used in 25 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (2 skills)
- Core Cymraeg (2 skills)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (2 skills)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- Drama (1 skill)
- English Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- French (2 skills)
- Geography (1 skill)
- German (2 skills)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (2 skills)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Connectives and syntax Used in 20 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (2 skills)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (2 skills)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- English Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (2 skills)
- French (2 skills)
- Geography (1 skill)
- German (2 skills)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Social Studies (2 skills)
- Spanish (2 skills)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Punctuation Used in 3 GCSEs
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
Planning and organising for different purposes, audiences and context Used in 25 GCSEs
- Art and Design (3 skills)
- Business (2 skills)
- Computer Science (2 skills)
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (2 skills)
- Dance (2 skills)
- Design and Technology (3 skills)
- Digital Media and Film (5 skills)
- Digital Technology (4 skills)
- Drama (2 skills)
- English Language and Literature (3 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (3 skills)
- French (3 skills)
- Geography (2 skills)
- German (3 skills)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (2 skills)
- History (2 skills)
- Integrated Science (2 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Music (2 skills)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (2 skills)
- Social Studies (3 skills)
- Spanish (3 skills)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Proofreading, editing and improving Used in 21 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Cymraeg Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (1 skill)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Numeracy
Developing mathematical proficiency
Conceptual understanding Used in 16 GCSEs
- Business (3 skills)
- Computer Science (3 skills)
- Dance (2 skills)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (3 skills)
- French (2 skills)
- Geography (3 skills)
- German (2 skills)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (3 skills)
- Music (2 skills)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- Spanish (2 skills)
- The Sciences (3 skills)
Logical reasoning Used in 10 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (3 skills)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (2 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- The Sciences (3 skills)
Fluency Used in 10 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (3 skills)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Strategic competence Used in 20 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Business (3 skills)
- Computer Science (2 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (3 skills)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- Drama (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (4 skills)
- French (1 skill)
- Geography (2 skills)
- German (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (4 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (2 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (2 skills)
- Social Studies (2 skills)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (3 skills)
Communicating with symbols Used in 14 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (3 skills)
- Design and Technology (3 skills)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (2 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Understanding the number system helps us to represent and compare relationships between numbers and quantities
The number system Used in 11 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (2 skills)
- Design and Technology (2 skills)
- Digital Technology (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (2 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (2 skills)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Relationships within the number system Used in 13 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Computer Science (3 skills)
- Digital Technology (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- German (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Music (1 skill)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Calculation Used in 17 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Business (3 skills)
- Computer Science (6 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (2 skills)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- Drama (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (2 skills)
- Geography (3 skills)
- History (2 skills)
- Integrated Science (3 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (3 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (2 skills)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- The Sciences (3 skills)
Financial literacy Used in 6 GCSEs
- Business (2 skills)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Learning about geometry helps us understand shape, space and position, and learning about measurement helps us quantify in the real world
Measurement Used in 18 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Computer Science (2 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (3 skills)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Drama (2 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (3 skills)
- French (1 skill)
- Geography (2 skills)
- German (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (2 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (3 skills)
- Music (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (2 skills)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Shape and space Used in 8 GCSEs
- Art and Design (1 skill)
- Computer Science (1 skill)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (2 skills)
- Drama (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (2 skills)
Position Used in 3 GCSEs
- Dance (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
Angle Used in 6 GCSEs
- Art and Design (2 skills)
- Dance (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Drama (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
Learning that statistics represent data and that probability models chance helps us make informed inferences and decisions
Collecting data Used in 9 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Representing data Used in 10 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (2 skills)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- Geography (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (1 skill)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (1 skill)
- Social Studies (1 skill)
- The Sciences (1 skill)
Interpreting data Used in 19 GCSEs
- Business (1 skill)
- Core Cymraeg (1 skill)
- Design and Technology (1 skill)
- Digital Media and Film (1 skill)
- Digital Technology (3 skills)
- English Language and Literature (1 skill)
- Food and Nutrition (1 skill)
- French (1 skill)
- Geography (2 skills)
- German (1 skill)
- Health and Social Care, and Childcare (1 skill)
- History (1 skill)
- Integrated Science (2 skills)
- Mathematics and Numeracy (1 skill)
- Physical Education and Health (2 skills)
- Religious Studies (1 skill)
- Social Studies (2 skills)
- Spanish (1 skill)
- The Sciences (2 skills)
Taken from the WJEC Made-for-Wales GCSE specifications. Each GCSE page links to its specification.